Nihon kiryaku: Jian 2 {1022} 9-12

Entry 9: Jian 2 {1022} 9-12
治安二年九月・十二月
Translators: Jason Smith and Zoe Zhang

Original Text

九月一日戊辰。

Kundoku

九月一日戊辰(つちのえ たつ)。

English

Ninth Month, first day, tsuchinoe tatsu.



Original Text

三日庚午。御燈。

Kundoku

三日庚午(かのえ うま)。御燈(ごとう)。

English

Third day, kanoe uma. Royal Progress to Observe the North Star.



Original Text

九日丙子。平座。見参。

Kundoku

九日丙子(ひのえ ね)。平座(ひらざ)。見參(げざん)。

English

Ninth day, hinoe ne. [For the Double Yang Royal Banquet] His Majesty was in absentia and attendance was taken.

Notes

重陽節会 ちょうようせちえ: Held on the Ninth of the Ninth Month, [it was] one of the Five Banquets (gosechie or gosekku) of the Court calendar, [imitating] the chrysanthemum banquets of China.



Original Text

十一日戊寅。例弊。

Kundoku

十一日戊寅(つちのえ とら)。例幣(れいへい)。

English

Eleventh day, tsuchinoe tora. The annual cloth strip offering was made [to Ise Shrine].



Original Text

十五日壬午。入道前大相國於法成寺被行八講。

Kundoku

十五日壬午(みずのえ うま)。入道前大相国(ぜんだいしょうこく)法成寺(ほうじょうじ)に於いて八講(はっこう)行(おこなわ)らる。

English

Fifteenth day, mizunoe uma. Lay Monk and Former Prime Minister [Michinaga] sponsored the Eight-part Lecture Series on the Lotus Sūtra at Hōjōji [for his mother Fujiwara no Tokihime, who passed away].

Notes

法成寺 ほうじょうじ: Completed in 1020 under the patronage of Fujiwara no Michinaga, this Buddhist temple became an important stronghold in Kyoto for the Fujiwara in the Kamakura era. It was initially called Muryōju-In 無量寿院.  

八講 はっこう: a series of lectures that completes the service of the entire sutra in four days, in which the monks cover two sections a day, one each in the morning and evening.



Original Text

十六日癸未。平野・大原野行幸定。

Kundoku

十六日癸未(みずのと ひつじ)。平野・大原野(ひらの・おおはらの)の行幸(ぎょうこう)を定む。

English

Sixteenth day, mizunoto hitsuji. Decisions were made regarding the royal visits to the Hirano Shrine and the Ōharano Shrine.



Original Text

廿二日己牛。除目始。

Kundoku

廿二日己丑(つちのと うし)。除目(じもく)始む。

English

Twenty-second day, tsuchinoto ushi. The Ceremony of Assigning Posts began.



Original Text

廿三日庚寅。同。

Kundoku

廿三日庚寅(かのえ とら)。同じ。

English

Twenty-third day, kanoe tora. Same [ the Ceremony of Assigning Posts continued].



Original Text

十月一日丁酉。

Kundoku

十月一日丁酉(ひのと とり)。

English

Tenth Month, first day, hinoto tori



Original Text

十三日己酉。太皇太后<彰子>后宮供養仁和寺内観音院。

Kundoku

十三日己酉(つちのと とり)。太皇太后宮(たいこうたいごうぐう)<彰子(しょうし)>仁和寺(にんなじ)内觀音院(ないかんのんいん) に供養す。

English

Thirteenth day, tsuchinoto tori. The Grand Dowager Queen <Shōshi> held an offering service at the Inner Kannon-in of Ninnaji Temple.

Notes

仁和寺 にんなじ: the head temple of the Omuro School of the Shingon Sect of Buddhism. Located in western Kyoto, Ninnaji was first founded in 888 by Uda Tennō, was later reconstructed in the seventeenth century. It is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Noteworthily, from 888 to 1869, there was a tradition for reigning tennō to send a son to Ninnaji to serve as head priest. 



Original Text

十九日己卯。奉幣伊勢以下八社。依平野大原野行幸御祈也。

Kundoku

十九日乙卯(きのと う)。伊勢以下八社(はっしゃ) に奉幣す。平野大原野に行幸(ぎょうこう)の御祈(おいのり)に依る也。

English

Nineteenth day, kinoto u. The cloth strip offerings were sent to the Eight Shrines, including Ise Shrine, as a prayer for His Majesty’s royal progress to the Hirano and Ōharano Shrines.


Original Text

廿三日乙未。卯刻。地震。

Kundoku

廿三日己未(つちのと ひつじ)。卯刻 (うの こく)。地震。

English

Twenty-third day, tsuchinoto hitsuji. During the Hour of the Rabbit [5:00-7:00], there was an earthquake.



Original Text

廿五日辛酉。天皇行幸平野社出建春陽明門。

Kundoku

廿五日辛酉(かのと とり)。天皇平野社(ひらのしゃ)に行幸す。建春陽明門(けんしゅんようめいもん)出づ。

English

Twenty-fifth day, kanoto tori. His Majesty visited Hirano Shrine. [The procession] departed from the Kenshun [and the] Yōmei Gates. 

Notes

建春門 Kenshunmon: One of the 12 gates of Heiankyo's inner and outer walls. In the center of the east side, against the Senyō-mon of the inner wall.

陽明門 Youmeimonn:One of the twelve gates in the outer enclosure of the Greater Palace Precints (Daidairi), per Kogo Daijiten.



Original Text

十一月一日丁卯。

Kundoku

十一月一日丁卯(ひのと う)。

English

Eleventh Month, first day, hinoto u.




Original Text

二日戊辰。内裏有犬死穖。

Kundoku

二日戊辰(つちのえ たつ)。内裏(だいり)に犬の死穢(しえ)有り。

English

Second day, tsuchinoe tatsu. In the Inner Palace, there was pollution due to the death of a dog. 


Original Text

五日辛未。春日祭使出立。雖為內裏之穢內,依前例發遣之。

Kundoku

五日辛未(かのと ひつじ)。春日祭(かすがさい)の使(つかい)出で立つ。内裏の穢れの内に爲ると雖も、前例(ぜんれい)に依る。これを發遣(はっけん)す。

English

Fifth day, kanoto hitsuji. The royal envoy was dispatched for the Kasuga Shrine Rite. Even though it was judged that the Inner Palace had been polluted, the envoy was dispatched due to a precedent. 

Notes

内に為る or 内となす is grammatically unclear.



Original Text

六日壬申。平野祭延引。但有春日祭。

Kundoku

六日壬申(みずのえ さる)。平野祭延引(えんいん)す。但(ただし)春日祭有り。

English

Sixth day, mizunoe saru. The Hirano Shrine Rite was postponed, but the Kasuga Shrine Rite was performed.



Original Text

十四日庚辰。新嘗會。節會。

Kundoku

十四日庚辰(かのえ たつ)。新甞會(しんじょうえ)。節会。

English

Fourteenth day, kanoe tatsu. Annual Thanksgiving Rite and the Flushed-faces Royal Banquet.

Notes

豊明節会 とよのあかりの せちえ: The royal banquet held after the Niiname-Sai to thank the kami for the harvest. The rice of the year will be tributed to the kami, and Tennō will eat the rice. The Tennō will visit Toyoraku-In or Shishinden. 



Original Text

十五日辛巳。東宮鎮魂祭。

Kundoku

十五日辛巳(かのと み)。東宮(とうぐう) の 鎮魂祭(ちんこんさい)。

English

Fifteenth day, kanoto mi. Spirit-Pacifying Rite for the Crown Prince.



Original Text

十八日甲申。平野祭。又吉田祭。

Kundoku

十六日甲申(きのえ さる)。平野祭。又、吉田際。

English

Eighteenth day, kinoe saru. Hirano Shrine Rite and Yoshida Shrine Rite.



Original Text

十九日乙酉。賀茂臨時祭。使-權左中辨-經賴。

Kundoku

十九日乙酉(きのと とり)。加茂臨時祭(かもりんじさい)。使、權左(ごんのつけ)中弁(ちゅうべん)​​經賴(つねより)朝臣(あそん)。

English

Nineteenth day, tsuchinoto tori. Kamo Shrine Extraordinary Rite. The envoy was the Supernumerary Second-level Manager cum Middle Controller, Sir [Minamoto no] Tsuneyori.

Notes

In the Kogo Daijiten, 権左中弁 can also be read as ごんのさちゆうべん, which has been translated into English as “Provisional Middle Controller of the Left” by Reischauer & Reischauer (Online Glossary).

Minamoto no Tsuneyori (985-1039) wrote a journal called Sakeiki 左経記 which covers the years 1016-1037. Along with Fujiwara no Sanesuke’s Shōyūki 小右記 (with extant parts covering the years 982 to 1032), both are valuable historical resources for this period.



Original Text

廿二日戊子。大原野祭。

Kundoku

廿二日戊子(つちのえ ね)。大原野祭。

English

Twenty-second day, tsuchinoe ne. Ōharano Shrine Rite.



Original Text

廿三日己丑。入道大相國。道長。登天台山。

Kundoku

廿三日己丑(つちのと うし)。入道・大相国天台山(てんだいさん)に登る。

English

Twenty-third day, tsuchinoto ushi. Lay Monk and [Former] Prime Minister <Michinaga> climbed Mt.Tendai. 

Notes

天台山 てんだいさん: also known as 比叡山 Mt.Hiei, this mountain is located to the northeast of Kyoto and is the site of 延暦寺 Enryakuji, the headquarter of the Tendai Sect in Japan. Enryakuji was founded in 788 by Saichō, who introduced the Tendai teachings to Japan from China. In the same vein, here the mountain's name is a reference to Mt.Tiantai in China, the center of Tendai practice. 



Original Text

廿八日甲午。天皇行幸大原野社。

Kundoku

廿八日甲午(きのえ うま)。天皇大原野社に行幸す。

English

Twenty-eighth day, kinoe uma. His Majesty paid a royal visit to Ōharano Shrine.



Original Text

十二月一日丙申。

Kundoku

十二月一日丙申(ひのえ さる)。

English

Twelfth Month, first day, hinoe saru



Original Text

十六日辛亥。荷前使定。

Kundoku

十六日辛亥(かのと い)。荷前(のさき)の使を定む。

English

Sixteenth day, kanoto i. The envoy in charge of the presentation of tribute items to the royal mausolea was decided [by the Council of State].



Original Text

廿五日庚申。遣荷前使。

Kundoku

廿五日庚申(かのえ さる)。荷前の使を使う。

English

Twenty-fifth day, kanoe saru. The envoy in charge of the presentation of tribute items to the royal mausolea was dispatched.

Original Text

其日。前女御-從二位-藤原-尊子。薨。<號暗戶屋女御。>故一條院女御也。故關白道兼女也。

<其日。底本作某日。而考異作其。且尊子薨。大鏡裡書係廿五日。故訂之。>

Kundoku

某日(ぼうじつ)。前女御(ぜんにょうご)從二位(じゅにい)藤原尊子(たかこ)、薨(こう)ず。暗戶屋(くらべやの)女御と號(ご)す。故(こ) 一条院(いちじょういん)女御(にょうご)也。故 關白道兼(かんぱくみちかね)の 女(むすめ)也。

English

On this day: Junior Second Rank and Former Junior Royal Consort, Fujiwara no Sonshi, died. <[She was] called the Kurabeyano Junior Royal Consort.> [She was] formerly the Retired Monarch Ichijō’s junior royal consort. [She was] the daughter of the late viceroy, Michikane.



Original Text

◻◻日。崇福寺有火事。時日未詳。

Kundoku

◻◻日。崇福寺(すうふくじ)火事(かじ)有り。

English

[On a] day [unrecorded]: There was a fire at Sūfukuji. 


Nihon kiryaku: Jian 2 {1022} 7-8

Entry 8: Jian 2 {1022} 7-8
治安二年七月・八月
Translators: Grace Kim and Elinor Lindeman

Original Text

七月一日己巳。

Kundoku

七月一日己巳(つちのとみ)。

English

Seventh month, first day, tsuchinoto mi.



Original Text

四日壬申。廣瀬龍田祭。

Kundoku

四日壬申(みずのえさる)。廣瀬(ひろせ)龍田(たつた)祭。

English

Fourth day, mizunoe saru. Hirose and Tatsuta Shrine rites.



Original Text

八日丙子。中宮行啓上東門院。

Kundoku

八日丙子。中宮[威子(いし)]、上東門院(じょうとうもんいん)に行啓(ぎょうけい)す。

English

Eighth day, hinoe ne. The Queen-Consort [Fujiwara no Ishi] made a visit to Jōtōmon’in.

Notes

Jōtōmon’in 上東門院(じょうとうもんいん)

An honorary name for Fujiwara no Shōshi 藤原彰子 (988-1074), Michinaga’s daughter, who was consort to Ichijō Tennō and the patroness of Murasaki Shikibu.



Original Text

十一日己卯。奉幣七社。但不被遣伊勢使。仍於仗座被発遣使。

Kundoku

十一日己卯(つちのとう)。七社(ななしゃ)に奉幣す。但(ただし)伊勢の使い遣(おく)られず。よって仗座(じんのざ)使い発遣(はっけん)せらる。

English

Eleventh day, tsuchinoto u. Offerings of cloth strips were made to seven shrines. However, no messenger was sent to Ise. So it was determined through a meeting of senior nobles that a messenger would be dispatched.

Notes

Jin no za 仗座(じんのざ)

Also written as 陣の座, this term refers to the meetings of senior nobles held in the palace guardpost of the Left Palace Guards. (デジタル大辞泉)



Original Text

十四日壬午。入道前太政大臣[道長]建立法成寺金堂被供養之。仍天皇臨幸。准御斎會。太政大臣[公季]以下参會矣。太皇大后宮[彰子]。皇大后[妍子]。中宮[威子]前日行啓。小一條院同以渡御。以天台座主院源爲師講。今日。大赦天下。大辟以下罪無輕重。已發覺。未發覺。已結正。未結正。繋囚見徒。私鑄錢。犯八虐。强竊ニ盗。常赦所不免者。咸皆赦除。未得解由之徒。不論僧俗。同以原免。有賞。翌日。可有後宴。仍三后留御。

Kundoku

十四日壬午。入道前(にゅうどぜん)の太政大臣(だいじょうだいじん)建立(こんりゅう)の法成寺(ほうじょうじ)の金堂(こんどう)供養せらる。よって天皇臨幸(りんこう)す。御斎會(ごさいえ)に准(じゅん)ず。太政大臣以下(いげ)参會(さんえ)すや。太皇大后宮 (たいこうだいたいごう)、皇大后(こうたいごう)、中宮前日行啓(ぎょうけい)す。小一條院(こいちじょういん)同く以って渡御(とぎょ)す。天台座主(てんだいざす)院源(いんげん)を以って講師(こうし)と爲す。

今日。天下に大赦(たいしゃ)あり。大辟(たいへき)以下の罪輕重(けいじゅう)無し。已發覺(いはっかく)。未發覺(みはっかく)。已結正(いけっせい)。未結正(みけっせい)。繋囚(けいしゅう)見徒(けんと)。私鑄錢(しじゅせん)。八虐(はちぎゃく)を犯す。强竊(ごうせつ)ニ盗(にとう)。常に赦(ゆる)す所は免(ゆる)さざるもの。咸皆(みな)赦除(しゃじょ)す。解由(げゆ)を未だ得ざる之徒、僧俗(そうぞく)論ぜず。同く以って原免(げんめん)す。賞有り。翌日。後宴(ごえん)有るべし。よって三后(さんこう)留御(とむりおわ)す。

English

Fourteenth day, mizunoe uma. The Lay Monk and Former Prime Minister [Michinaga], who sponsored the construction of Hōjōji, had offering services performed in the Golden Hall (Kondō). For that reason, the Tennō made a royal pilgrimage. It was made equal to a New Year’s Buddhist Assembly. The Prime Minister [Kinsue] and the following participated: the Grand Queen Dowager [Shōshi], the Queen Dowager [Kenshi]. Yesterday, the Queen-Consort [Ishi] made a visit. Koichijō-in also attended. The Tendai Head Abbot Ingen was the lecturer.

Today, general amnesty was granted throughout the country. Crimes punishable by death and lesser punishments too, [were granted amnesty] without considering them light or heavy: those who have, committed crimes known; crimes unknown; crimes sentenced; crimes unsentenced; jailed and in neck shackles; unofficial casting of coinage; the eight great crimes; armed robbery and larceny. Whether pardonable or not, everyone was pardoned. Those who had not yet submitted their end-of-term report, regardless of whether they had clerical or non-clerical appointments, were all covered [by the amnesty]. Similarly, everyone was pardoned. Prizes were given. The next day, there shall be a concluding banquet. As a result, the Grand Queen Dowager, Queen Dowager and Queen Consort will stay [overnight].

Notes

Hōjōji 法成寺(ほうじょうじ)

This Buddhist temple was completed around 1020 under the patronage of Fujiwara no Michinaga and it became an important temple for the Fujiwara family (see also entry 9). Hōjōji burned down in 1058 and then rebuilt by Fujiwara no Yorimichi. Records regarding the dedication of the Golden Hall, destruction by fires and earthquakes, etc. were recorded in Eiga monogatari, Shōyūki, etc. and of course, the Nihon kiryaku.(日本大百科全書)

Misaie 御斎会 (みさいえ) New Year’s Buddhist Assembly held from the eighth to the fourteenth day of the First Month at the royal palace. Its purpose was to pray for the country’s safety and for a good harvest. The palace hosted monks for vegetarian feasts, eminent monks gave lectures on important sutras like the Golden Light Sutra, and starting in the Heian Period, Shingon monks performed esoteric rites. (日本大百科全書)

Koichijō In (994−1051) 小一条院(こいちじょういん)

Alternative name of Prince Atsuakira, eldest son of Emperor Sanjō (r. 1011−16) and Fujiwara no Jōshi. He was briefly heir apparent to the throne, and he was eventually pressured into giving up his heirship in 1017 by Michinaga. He was given the status of a retired monarch (in). The name Koichijō is taken from the name of his palace. (Encyclopedia of Japan)

Ingen 院源(951−1028)

Tendai Head Abbot who studied at Mt. Hiei under Ryōgen and administered the precepts to Michinaga. (国史大辞典)



Original Text

廿三日辛卯。勅賜天台座主權僧正院源封戶五十戶。

Kundoku

廿三日辛卯(かのとう)。天台座主權僧正(ごんのそうじょう)院源封戶(ふこ)勅賜(ちょくし)す。

English

Twenty-third day, kanoto u. The Tendai Head Abbot and Supernumerary Primary Prelate Ingen was granted the taxes from fifty residence units by royal decree.

Notes

Fuko 封戸 residence units allotted to nobles or religious institutions, that would give a portion of their taxes to those the grantee. (デジタル大辞泉)


Original Text

廿五日癸巳。清涼殿相撲内取。

Kundoku

廿五日癸巳。清涼殿相撲(すまい)の内取(うちどり)。

English

Twenty-fifth day, mizunoto mi. Sumai [grappling] matches held at the Seiryōden.

Notes

Sumai no sechi 相撲の節 Annual event held in the seventh month in which sumai, a grappling sport that is the predecessor to modern-day sumo, matches were performed. (日本国語大辞典)

Uchidori 内取 sumai matches held prior to the day of the Sumai Royal Banquet. (角川古語大辞典)


Original Text

廿七日乙未。相撲召合。

Kundoku

廿七日乙未。相撲召合(すまいのめしあわせ)。

English

Twenty-seventh day, kinoto hitsuji. Sumai [grappling] matches held before His Majesty.

Notes

Sumai no meshiawase 相撲召合(すまいのめしあわせ)These sumai matches were held in front of the tennō. (角川古語大辞典)


Original Text

廿八日丙申。同出。

Kundoku

廿八日丙申。同じ拔き出づ。

English

Twenty-eighth day, hinoe saru. Final sumai matches.



Original Text

八月一日戊戌。

Kundoku

八月一日戊戌。

English

Eight Month, first day, tsuchinoe inu.



Original Text

二日己亥。中宮[威子]自京極殿入御内裏。

Kundoku

二日己亥。中宮京極殿(きょうごくどの)自り御内裏入り。

English

Second day, tsuchinoto i. The Queen-Consort entered the royal palace from her Kyōgoku Residence.

Notes

Kyōgoku 京極 (きょうごく)Another name for Michinaga's Tsuchimikado-dono (土御門殿)(角川古語大辞典)


Original Text

四日辛丑。北野祭。

Kundoku

四日辛丑。北野祭。

English

Fourth day, kanoto ushi. Kitano Shrine Rite.

Notes

Kitano matsuri 北野祭(きたのまつり)Rite held annually in the Eighth Month at Kitano Tenmangū Shrine. (日本大百科全書)



Original Text

十日丁未。釋奠。

Kundoku

十日丁未。釋奠(せきてん)。

English

Tenth day, hinoto hitsuji. Rite Honoring Confucius and his Disciples. 


Original Text

十一日戊申。定考。

Kundoku

十一日戊申。定考(こうじょう)。

English

Eleventh day, tsuchinoe saru. Performance review of officials of the sixth rank and below.

Notes

Kōjō 定考(こうじょう)Examination of officials’ merits, upon which basis they might be promoted. (全文全訳古語辞典)


Original Text

十四日辛亥。臨時仁王會。文章博士爲政作咒願。

Kundoku

十四日辛亥。臨時仁王會。文章博士(もんじょうはかせ)[慶滋(よししげの)]爲政(ためまさ)咒願(じゅがん)作(さく)す。

English

Fourteenth day, kanoto i. An extraordinary Benevolent Kings Assembly was held. Doctor of Chinese Literary Arts, Tamemasa made the incantation-prayer.

Notes

Jugan 咒願/呪願(じゅがん)Written incantations and prayers on behalf of donors or deceased individuals. (Digital Dictionary of Buddhism)



Original Text

廿二日己未。入道大相國法華八譸第五卷。上官等參法成寺。

Kundoku

廿二日己未。入道大相國(にゅうどうだいしょうこく)法華八譸(ほっけはっこう)第五卷。上官(じょうかん)等法成寺に參る。

English

Twenty-second day, tsuchinoto hitsuji. The Lay Monk and [Former] Prime Minister [Michinaga] sponsored an Eight-part Lecture Series on the Lotus Sutra, and for the [lecture on the] fifth scroll, senior nobles came to Hōjōji.

Notes

Daishōkoku 大相國(だいしょうこく)A Chinese name for the Prime Minister (Daijōdaijin) (全文全訳古語辞典)



Original Text

廿三日庚申。今夜於御殿守三尸。

Kundoku

廿三日庚申。今夜御殿(ごてん)に三尸(さんし)を守る。

English

Twenty-third day, kanoe saru. Tonight a Three Worms Protection Vigil was conducted at the palace.

Notes

Sanshi 三尸(さんし)According to Daoist tradition, three worms live inside the human body. On kanoe saru nights, they leave the body and report one’s wrongdoings to Heaven, and so a vigil would be held on those nights to keep them from escaping. (日本国語大辞典)



Original Text

某日。入道前大相國上東門第有法華冊講。又召文人賦詩。題云。池水浮秋景。〈以浮爲韻。〉序者文章博士爲政。

Kundoku

某日(ぼうじつ)。入道前大相國上東門第法華卅講有り。又文人を召し詩を賦(ふ)す。題に云く。池水(ちすい)に秋景(しゅうけい)浮ぶ。〈浮びを以って韻とす。〉序は文章博士爲政(ためまさ)。

English

Date unknown: The Lay Monk and Former Prime Minister sponsored Thirty Lectures on the Lotus Sutra at the Jōtōmon Palace. Also, he called literati to compose Chinese poems. The topic was: “The Autumn Scenery Floats on the Pond.” <The character used for rhyming was ukabi, to float.> Tamemasa, the Doctor of Chinese Literary Arts, wrote the preface.

Notes

Jōtōmon tei 上東門第 Alternative name for Michinaga’s Tsuchimikado-dono.


Nihon kiryaku: Jian 2 {1022} 3-6

Entry 7: Jian 2 {1022} 3-6
治安二年三月・六月
Translators: Julie Morris and Daniel Feldbaum

Original Text

三月一日庚午。

Kundoku

三月一日庚午(かのえうま)。 

English

Third Month, first day, kanoe uma. 



Original Text

三日壬申。御橙。

Kundoku

三日壬申(みずのえさる)。御燈(ごとう)。

English

Third day, mizunoe saru. Royal Progress to Observe the North Star.



Original Text

十一日庚辰。於御殿前。音楽事。

Kundoku

十一日庚辰(かのえたつ)。御殿前(ぎょでんまえ)において、音楽の事(こと)あり。

English

Eleventh day, kanoe tatsu. There was a concert in front of [His Majesty’s] residence.

Notes

This concert was a court music rehearsal for the Extraordinary Iwashimizu Shrine Rite. This would have included kagura and azuma asobi dance performances. (国史大辞典、デジタル大辞泉)


Original Text

十三日壬午。石清水臨時祭。

Kundoku

十三日壬午(みずのえうま)。石清水臨時祭 (いわしみずりんじさい)。

English

Thirteenth day mizunoe uma. Extraordinary Iwashimizu Shrine Rite .

Notes

Iwashimizu rinjisai 石清水臨時際: Rite generally held annually at Iwashimizu Hachimangū in the Third Month on the day of the horse (the exact date varies depending on the number of horse days in the month). It was similar to the Kamo Shrine Rite. (国史大辞典)



Original Text

廿一日庚寅。季御讀經始。

Kundoku

廿一日庚寅(かのえとら)。季の御読経(きのみどきょう)始む。

English

Twenty-first day, kanoe tora. [Spring] Seasonal Sutra Reading [of the Great Perfection of Wisdom] began.



Original Text

廿四日癸巳。同竟。

Kundoku

廿四日癸巳(みずのとみ)。同竟る(おわる)。

English

Twenty-fourth day, mizunoto mi. The same [ceremony] ended.



Original Text

廿五日甲午。大祓。依仁王會也。

Kundoku

廿五日甲午(きのえうま)。大祓。仁王会によるなり。

English

Twenty-fifth day, kinoe uma. There was a Great Purification Ceremony [Ōharae] held in preparation for the Benevolent Kings’ Assembly.



Original Text

廿八日丁酉。臨時仁王會。奉圖繪五大力像百鋪。

Kundoku

廿八日丁酉 (ひのととり)。臨時仁王會(にんのうえ)。五大力(ごだいりき)像百鋪(ひゃっぷ)図絵(ずえ)し奉る。

English

Twenty-eighth Day, hinoto tori. Extraordinary Benevolent Kings’ Assembly in which one hundred images depicting the Five Great Bodhisattvas of Strength were created and presented.

Notes

Go dairiki bosatsu 五大力菩薩: Five Bodhisattvas with great power to protect both the three treasures and the domain. (デジタル大辞泉)



Original Text

四月一日庚子。平座。見参。

Kundoku

四月一日庚子(かのえね)。平座(ひらざ)の見参(げざん)。

English

Fourth Month, first day, kanoe ne. [There was Council meeting] with His Majesty in absentia and attendance was taken.



Original Text

三日壬寅。直物。

Kundoku

三日壬寅(みずのえとら)。直物(なおしもの)。

English

Third day, mizunoe tora. Ceremony for Modification of Appointments.

Notes

Naoshimono 直物: A ceremony to rectify any mistakes in the list of names and respective positions submitted for appointment ceremonies to the Ministry of Personnel and the Ministry of Military Affairs. (国史大辞典)



Original Text

四日癸卯。廣瀬龍田祭。

Kundoku

四日癸卯(みずのとう)。廣瀬(ひろせ)龍田祭(たつたのまつり)。

English

Fourth Day, mizunoto u. The Hirose and Tatsuta Shrine Rites.



Original Text

七日丙午。擬階奏。

Kundoku

七日丙午(ひのえうま)。擬階奏(ぎかいのそう)。

English

Seventh day, hinoe uma. Memorials Suggesting Promotions in Lower Ranks.

Notes

Gikainosō 擬階奏: The memorials included lists of those to be promoted to the eighth through sixth ranks. They were presented by the Ministries of Personnel and Military Affairs to the Council of State. 



Original Text

八日丁未。灌佛。

Kundoku

八日丁未(ひのとひつじ)。灌佛(かんぶつ)。

English

Eighth day, hinoto hitsuji. Buddha's Birthday Assembly.

Notes

Kanbutsu(e) 灌仏会: A ceremony taking place during the eighth day of the Fourth Month celebrating the birth of the historical Buddha, Shakyamuni, through the washing of the statue of the Buddha with fragrant water (commonly hydrangea tea). Today it is called hana matsuri 花祭. (国史大辞典)

Original Text

九日戊申。平野祭。

Kundoku

九日戊申(つちのえさる)。平野祭。

English

Ninth day, tsuchinoe saru. Hirano Shrine Rite.



Original Text

十日己酉。梅宮祭。

Kundoku

十日己酉(つちのととり)。梅宮(うめのみや)祭。

English

Tenth day, tsuchinoto tori. Umenomiya Shrine Rite.

Notes

Umenomiya matsuri 梅宮祭: Festival that is held in the west of Kyoto at the Umenomiya Shrine. Presently, it takes place every year on April 3rd; however, in the past the festival took place during the fourth and eleventh months on the day of the rooster (tori). The shrine has strong connections with the Tachibana clan. Due to the blood lineage between the Tachibana clan and the tennō, the shrine was added to the list of official rituals in the early Heian period. (Abe, 97-8) During the festival, cloth-strip offerings were presented originally by a member of the Tachibana clan. Later a high-ranking Fujiwara and then a Minamoto assumed the role. (日本国語大辞典)

Umenomiya Taisha 梅宮大社: The shrine was moved to its current location by Queen Consort Danrin (檀林皇后, Tachibana no Kachiko 橘嘉智子, 786-850) following an oracle received during the reign of Ninmyō Tennō (808-850). The shrine was dedicated to the Queen Consort. The shrine is listed as high ranking within the Engi shiki, and it was one of the Twenty-two Shrines of the Heian period. (世界大百科事典)



Original Text

十六日乙卯。小除目。

Kundoku

十六日乙卯(きのとう)。小除目(こじもく)。

English

Sixteenth day, kinoto u. Lesser Ceremony for Assigning Posts (kojimoku).

Notes

Kojimoku 小除目: A small-scale ceremony for the assignment of government posts, taking place in addition to the regular ceremonies occurring in spring and autumn. (日本国語大辞典) 



Original Text

十九日戊午。齋院禊。

Kundoku

十九日戊午(つちのえうま)。齋院(さいいん)禊(みそぎ)。

English

Nineteenth day, tsuchinoe uma. The [Kamo] Princess-Priestess Purification [in preparation for the Kamo Shrine Rite].



Original Text

廿日己未。警固。

Kundoku

廿日己未(つちのとひつじ)。警固(けいご)。

English

Twentieth day, tsuchinoto hitsuji. A strictly guarded perimeter [due to the Kamo Shrine Rite].



Original Text

廿一日庚申。關白[賴通]参詣賀茂社。

Kundoku

廿一日庚申(かのえさる)。関白(かんぱく)<賴通(よりみち)>賀茂社(かもしゃ)に参詣(さんけい)す。

English

Twenty-first day, kanoe saru. Viceroy [Fujiwara no] Yorimichi made a pilgrimage to the Kamo Shrine(s).



Original Text

廿二日辛酉。賀茂祭。

Kundoku

廿二日辛酉(かのととり)。賀茂祭(かもさい)。

English

Twenty-second day, kanoto tori. Kamo Shrine Rite.



Original Text

廿三日壬戌。解陣。

Kundoku

廿三日壬戌(みずのえいぬ)。解陣(げじん)。

English

Twenty-third day, mizunoe inu. Guards’ strict perimeter ended [due to the conclusion of the Kamo Shrine Rite].

Original Text

五月一日己巳。

Kundoku

五月一日己巳(つちのとみ)。

English

Fifth Month, first day, tsuchinoto mi. 



Original Text

廿六日甲午。關白左大臣於高陽院第。有競馬事。<十番>有音楽。

Kundoku

廿六日甲午(きのえうま)。關白(かんぱく)左大臣(さだいじん)高陽院第(かよのいんてい)において、競馬(くらべうま)のこと有り。<十番>音楽有り。

English

Twenty-sixth day, kinoe uma. At the Kaya no In Palace of Viceroy cum Minister of the Left [Fujiwara no] Yorimichi, there were <ten> horse races and there was music.

Notes

Kurabe uma 競馬: The event at Kaya no In was modeled after an annual event usually held during the Fifth Month in which contestants from the Bureau of the Stables and the Headquarters of the Guards competed to see who had the fastest or slowest horse. (国史大辞典)



Original Text

六月一日己亥。

Kundoku

六月一日己亥(つちのとい)。

English

Sixth Month, first day, tsuchinoto i.



Original Text

四日壬寅。於御所并東大寺、興福寺,被修大般若經、法華經御讀經。依御不豫也。

Kundoku

四日壬寅(みずのえとら)。御所(ごしょ)ならびに東大寺(とうだいじ)、興福寺(こうふくじ)において、大般若經(だいはんにゃきょう)、法華經(ほけきょう)御讀經を修(しゅ)せらる。御不豫(ごふよ)によるなり。

English

Fourth day, mizunoe tora. At the palace as well as at Tōdaiji and Kōfukuji, there was chanting of the Great Perfection of Wisdom Sutra and the Lotus Sutra because the Tennō was ill.

Notes

Fuyo 不予: This is a term used to indicate illness typically of the tennō, although it can also refer to a person of high rank. (日本国語大辞典)

This large-scale chanting can be further verified in the Dai Nihon Shiryō 大日本史料 entry on the same day which again cites illness of the tennō (go-nō 御悩) as the cause.



Original Text

十一日己酉。月次。神今食也。

Kundoku

十一日己酉(つちのととり)。月次(つきなみ)[祭(さい)]、神今食(じんこんじき)也。

English

Eleventh day, tsuchinoto tori. The Semi-annual Ise Rite. Dining with the Kami.


Nihon kiryaku: Jian 2 {1022} 1-3

Entry 6: Jian 2 {1022} 1-3
治安二年一月・二月
Translators: Brandon Edwards and Jason Smith

Original Text

壬戌二年正月一日辛巳。節會。

Kundoku

壬戌(みずのえいぬ)二年正月一日辛巳(かのとみ)。[元日]節會(せちえ

English

Second Year [of the Jian Era], mizunoe inu. First Month, first day, kanoto mi; [New Year’s Day] Royal Banquet.

Notes

According to Kurabayashi Shōji’s entry in the Kokushi Daijiten, the New Year’s Day sechie was classified as a chūgi 忠義 in a 3-way typology (along with daigi 大 and kogi 小); he notes that this sechie in the Engishiki was also connected to a royal banquet held on the 7th day of the 1st month and the archery contest ceremony on the 17th day of the 1st month, both of which will appear in the text later on.



Original Text

二日壬申。二宮大饗。

Kundoku

二日壬申(みずのえさる)。二宮大饗(にぐうのたいきょう・だいきょう)。

English 

Second day, mizunoe saru; Grand Banquet of Two Royals.

Notes

English rendering of Nigū no Taikyō as the ‘Two Imperial Banquets’, per William and Helen McCullough, Online Glossary, but is misleading. According to Kurabayashi Shōji’s entry in the Kokushi Daijiten, he states that this banquet includes congratulations to the Crown Prince and the Queen-consort and that there were Kagura performances.



Original Text

五日乙亥。敍位議。

Kundoku

五日乙亥(きのとい)。敍位(じょい)の議(ぎ)。

English

Fifth day, kinoto i; Promotions in Rank Ceremony.

Notes

叙位 Joi rendered into English as ‘Promotions in Rank Ceremony’ per Professor Piggott and Yoshida Sanae, Online Glossary. According to Nomura Tadao’s entry in the Kokushi Daijiten, he states that the conferment of ranks for males were taking place on the 7th day of the New Year from 773, but shifts to the 5th day by the 10th century, whereas the conferment of ranks for females took place on the 8th day of the New Year but later came to be held every other year, which appears to be confirmed in the Nihon kiryaku.



Original Text

七日丁丑。節会。

Kundoku

七日丁丑(ひのとうし)。節會(せちえ)。


English

Seventh day, hinoto ushi. [White Horse] Royal Banquet.

Notes

Aouma no sechie rendered into English as ‘White Horse Royal Banquet’ per Professor Piggot and Yoshida Sanae, Online Glossary. However, a footnote could be added to address the ao-white issue, hence my use of ‘’. According to the Nakamura Yoshio entry in the Kokushi Daijiten, this sechie held on the 7th day of the 1st month of the New Year can also be written as 青馬節会. Royall Tyler (per Online Glossary) notes that after the reign of Murakami Tennō in the mid-10th century, the presentation of 21 actual ‘blue roans’ thereafter became just white. A ‘roan’ is a horse with a mixture of white hairs intermingled with another color, and so ‘blue roans’ are horses with a very dark underlying coat that gives the impression of a bluish hue. In the same entry, Nakamura states that for this sechie the Emperor comes to the Shishinden (Purple Ceremonial Hall of the Imperial Palace) to view horses brought in by the Meryō 左右馬寮 (the Left and Right Bureaus of the Imperial Stables - which, per William and Helen McCullough, Online Glossary), who “were in charge of the Imperial horses and their trappings. Both from the Meryō's own breeding grounds in eastern Japan and from provincial pastures supervised by the War Ministry, animals were brought to the capital each year to be used as mounts for Imperial Messengers, as gifts to religious institutions and senior nobles, and as participants in certain annual ceremonies. Before the cessation of military operations in early Heian and the contemporaneous appearance of the ox-drawn carriage, the horse had been greatly prized in Japan, a circumstance that perhaps accounts for the relatively high prestige attached to the principal Meryō positions. In Michinaga's day, it was almost always young men from the upper social brackets, such as Prince Genji's friend Sama no Kami, who filled the four posts of regular and provisional Director (Kami) and regular and provisional Assistant Director (Suke) in each of the two organizations” (816). Nakamura goes on to state that the 7th day sechie was first mentioned in the reign of the Great King (大王) Keikō, while there are different theories for the first mention of a blue/white horse viewing, it was already mentioned in a tanka poem by Ōtomo no Yakomochi in 758 recorded in the Manyōshū. Nakamura also states that in the Book of Rites, horses are yang animals and spring is associated with blue, thus seeing a blue horse at the beginning of the year with the commencement of spring was deemed auspicious and lucky. This white horse viewing event declined in the Kamakura and Muromachi period, revived as a formality during the Edo period, and finally abolished in 1869. There is a depiction of the event in the “Otome” chapter in the Tale of Genji. By compiling different documents, Nakamura presents a rough order of events for the full sechie ceremony: the sovereign comes to the Shishinden, then the imperial bow mitarashi/ontarashi 御弓 is presented, then the white horse presented passing in front of the sovereign, followed by the banquet with ministers of state, dance performances, then a royal proclamation (senmyō 宣命) awarding stipends, ending with the exit of the sovereign.



Original Text

八日戊寅。御齋始。

Kundoku

八日戊寅(つちのえとら)。御齋會(みさいえ)始(はじ)む。

English

Eighth day, tsuchinoe tora. New Years’ Buddhist Assembly begins.

Notes

An alternative reading can be gosaie. This event takes place over seven days. Per William and Helen McCullough, it “was devoted primarily to precautionary Buddhist observances, both exoteric and esoteric. The esoteric rites, performed as prayers for peaceful conditions and bountiful crops, consisted of an impressive series of daily lectures on the Golden Light Sutra (Konkōmyōkyō; Skt. Suvarnaprabhāsa-sūtra), delivered at the Daigokuden with the Emperor and Court in attendance. The misaie was one of the major Buddhist events in the regular Court calendar, equal in importance to the Ninnōe.” (HG)



Original Text

十一日辛巳。女敍位。

Kundoku

十一日辛巳(かのとみ)。女敍位(おんなじょい)。

English

Eleventh day, kanoto mi. Women’s Promotion in Rank Ceremony.

Notes

Onna joi rendered into English as ‘Women’s Promotion in Rank Ceremony’ per Professor Piggott and Yoshida Sanae, Online Glossary.



Original Text

十四日甲申。御齋會竟。

Kundoku

十四日甲申(きのえさる)。御齋會(みさいえ)竟(おわんぬ)。

English

Fourteenth day, kinoe saru. New Years’ Buddhist Assembly ends.

Notes

As noted above the misaie was a 7-day ceremony which began on the 8th day of the 1st month of the New Year and thus now ends here on the 14th day of the same month.



Original Text

十六日丙戌。女踏歌。

Kundoku

十六日丙戌(ひのえいぬ)。女踏歌(おんなとうか)。

English

Sixteenth day, hinoe inu. Women’s Step-Dance and Songs [Royal Banquet].

Notes

Onna tōka, rendered into English as ‘The Women’s Step-Dance and Song [Royal Banquet]’ is a modification of Professor Piggott and Yoshida Sanae’s term in the Online Glossary given the character 踏. Onna tōka, while not explicitly stated in the above entry, per the Kogo Daijiten, it is a sechie which took place on the sixteenth day, outlasting its male counterpart, the otoko tōka which ceased to exist in the tenth century. In the Kakaishō, it is said that this banquet was held in the Daianden in Tenpyō 14 (743). But in the Engishiki, from around the 9th century the banquet was held at the south garden of the Shishinden. According to the Saikyūki of Minamoto no Takaakira (914-983), there is flute music by the Kuzu 国栖, a tribe from ancient Yoshino, followed by a procession of dance and song. 



Original Text

十七日丁亥。射禮。

Kundoku

十七日丁亥(ひのとい)。射禮(じゃらい)。

English

Seventeenth day, hinoto i. New Year Archery Demonstration.

Notes

According to Suzuki Keizō’s entry in the Kokushi Daijiten, it was a large-scale archery event in which a shooting range is set up inside the palace gates.



Original Text

十八日戊子。賭弓。

Kundoku

十八日戊子(つちのえね)。賭弓(のりゆみ)。

English

Eighteenth day, tsuchinoe ne; New Year Archery Matches.

Notes

Noriyumi is rendered in English as ‘New Year Archery Contest’, per Royall Tyler, Online Glossary. 



Original Text

廿日庚寅。關白左大臣<頼道>於二高陽院一大饗。

Kundoku

廿日庚寅(かのえとら)。關白(かんぱく)左大臣[頼道]高陽院(かやのいん)に大饗(おおあえ・たいきょう)。

English

Twentieth day, kanoe tora. Viceroy cum Minister of the Left [Yorimichi], [hosted] a Grand Banquet at Kaya-no-In.



Original Text

廿三日癸巳。右大臣<實資>於二小野宮家一大饗。

Kundoku

廿三日癸巳(みずのとみ)。右大臣[實資(さねすけ)]小野宮(おののみや)家(け)に大饗。

English

Twenty-third day, mizunoto mi. Minister of the Right [Sanesuke], [hosted] a Grand Banquet at the Ono no Miya ancestral mansion.

Notes

Banquet -> Ministerial banquet in response to ministerial appointments



Original Text

廿五日乙羊。内大臣<教通>家大饗。

Kundoku

二十五日乙羊(きのとひつじ)。内大臣[教通(のりみち)]家大饗。

English

Twenty-fifth day, kinoto hitsuji. The Interior Palace Minister [Norimichi] [hosted] a [Ministerial] Grand Banquet at his residence.



Original Text

廿七日丁酉。除目始。

Kundoku

廿七日丁酉(ひのととり)。除目(じもく)始む。

English

Twenty-seventh day, hinoto tori. Ceremony for Assigning Posts began.



Original Text

廿八日戊戌。國忌[藤超子]。仍無二除目一。

Kundoku

二十八日戊戌(つちのえいぬ)。國忌(こき)[藤超子(ふじ[[わら]]のちょうし]。仍(よりて)除目無し。

English

Twenty-eighth day, tsuchinoe inu. Day of Mourning in the Realm [Fujiwara no Chōshi]. Therefore, there was no Ceremony for Assigning Posts.

Notes

國忌:こき、こっき、or こくき

藤原超子:平安時代中期,冷泉(れいぜい)天皇の女御(にょうご)。(JK Biographical Dictionary of Japan)



Original Text

廿九日己亥。除目廷引。依二凶會日一也。

Kundoku

廿九日己亥(つちのとい)。除目廷引(えんいん)。凶會日(くえにち)によるなり。

English

Twenty-ninth day, tsuchinoto i. The Ceremony of Assigning Posts was postponed, because it was a calendrically inauspicious day.

Notes

In the calendar system in use, adopted from the Chinese, there were twenty days that were categorized as inauspicious days as determined by the position of Jupiter. Depending on which inauspicious day it was, there were a variety of activities to be avoided.



Original Text

卅日庚子。除目竟。

Kundoku

卅日庚子(かのえね)。除目竟(おわる・んぬ)。

English

Thirtieth day, kanoe ne. Ceremony of Assigning Posts ended.



Original Text

二月一日辛丑。

Kundoku

二月一日辛丑(かのとうし)。

English

Second Month, first day, kanoto ushi.



Original Text

三日癸卯。大原野祭。

Kundoku

三日癸卯(みずのとう)。大原野祭(おおはらのまつり)。

English

Third day, mizunoto u. Ōharano Shrine Rite. 

Notes

Ōharano Shrine: per Royall Tyler (Online Glossary), “The Kyoto counterpart of the Kasuga Shrine in Nara; it enshrines the same deities. Built at the end of the 8th c., just west of the city below Mt. Oshio, it enabled the Fujiwara nobles to honor their family deities without going all the way to Nara.”

Per George Perkins (Online Glossary), it was one of the 21 Shrines, even though a list 22 is more common.

The Ōharano Shrine Festival, per the Kogo Daijiten, could be held on the first or second days of the Rabbit in February.

Note: The Ōharano Shrine is a counterpart to the Kasuga Shrine in Nara. It enshrines the same deities. It dates from from the end of the eighth century and is west of Kyoto. It was one of the Twenty-one Shrines. 


Original Text

四日甲辰。祈年祭。

Kundoku

四日甲辰(きのえたつ)。祈年祭(きねんさい)。

English

Fourth day, kinoe tatsu. Rite for a Plentiful Harvest.

Notes

祈年祭(きねんさい)can also be pronounced としごいのまつり.



Original Text

七日丁未。釋奠。」今日。内大臣爲レ行二明日春日祭事一。參向奉幣。有二舞人陪從一。

Kundoku

七日丁未(ひのとひつじ)。釋奠(せきてん)。今日。内大臣明日(みょうにち)春日祭事(かすがまつりのこと)行(おこな)わんが爲(ため)。參向(さんこう)し奉幣(ほうへい)す。舞人(まいびと)陪從(おもとびと)有り。

English

Seventh day, hinoto hitsuji. Rite Honoring Confucius and His Disciples. Because the Kasuga Shrine Rite will take place tomorrow, today Minister of the Inner Palace [Fujiwara no Norimichi] went to the Kasuga Shrine Rite and gave cloth offering strips. There were dancers and singer-musicians [with him].

Notes

釋奠:しゃくてん、さくてん、せきてん、おきまつりの読み方もある。

舞人(ぶじん・まいど・まいにん)も読める。

陪從(ばいしゅう)も読める。



Original Text

八日戊申。春日祭。

Kundoku

八日戊申(つちのえさる)。春日祭(かすがまつり)。

English

Eighth day, tsuchinoe saru. Kasuga Shrine Rite. 

Notes

春日祭:仁明 (にんみょう) 天皇の850年(嘉祥3)に始まったといわれ、清和 (せいわ) 天皇の859年(貞観1)11月9日の庚申 (こうしん) の夜執行されて以来、春2月、冬11月の上の申 (さる) の日を祭日と定められたため、申祭の名がある。(JK Encyclopedia Nipponica)



Original Text

十一日辛亥。列見。

Kundoku

十一日辛亥(かのとい)。列見(れっけん)。

English

Eleventh day, kanoto i. Ministerial Inspection of Nominees for Posts.



Original Text

十三日癸丑。園韓神祭。

Kundoku

十三日癸丑(みずのとうし)。園韓神祭(そのからかみのまつり)。

English

Thirteenth day, mizunoto ushi. Sono and Kara Kami Rites.

Notes

園韓神祭:平安京宮内省内に鎮座していた園神・韓神の例祭(JK Encyclopedia of Japanese History).



Original Text

十九日己未。奉二_幣石清水八幡宮一。依二宇佐の宮火事一也。使權中納言源道方。右近少将源實基。

Kundoku

十九日己未(つちのとひつじ)。石清水八幡宮(いわしみずはちまんぐう)奉幣(ほうへい)す。宇佐宮(うさのみや)火事に依るなり。使(使い)權(かねて)中納言、源道方(みなもとのみちかた)。右近(うこん)少将(しょうしょう)源實基(みなもとのさねもと)。

English

Nineteenth day, tsuchinoto hitsuji. Cloth offerings were donated to Iwashimizu Hachimangū because there was a fire at Usa no Miya. The envoys were Middle Counselor Minamoto no Michikata, and Lesser Captain of the Right Palace Guard Minamoto no Sanemoto.

Notes

石清水八幡宮:[神社名] 応神天皇・神功(じんぐう)皇后・比売大神(ひめおおかみ)の三神を祭る神社。京都府八幡(やわた)市にある (JK Shogakukan zenbunzenyaku kogojiten).

kōshiken 公使權: had the authority to dispatch or receive diplomatic missions, per Nihon Kokugo Daijiten



Original Text

廿四日甲子。奉二_幣廿一社一。祈二年穀一。

Kundoku

廿四日甲子。廿一社奉幣(ほうへい)す。年穀(ねんこく)祈る。

English

Twenty-fourth day, kinoe ne. [His Majesty’s court] sent cloth strip offerings to the Twenty-one Shrines, and prayed for the annual grain harvest. 

Notes

祈年穀(きねんこく)also a word by itself





Original Text

廿六日丙寅。定二_申宇佐宮火事諸道勘文一。貞清朝臣申。魯宣公廟新宮災。三日哭。爲政<菩滋氏>。義忠申云。漢高園便殿災。五日廃朝。頼澄申云。貞観十年山陸火災之列。任二彼例一五日天輟レ朝。

Kundoku

廿六日丙寅(ひのえとら)。宇佐宮(うさのみや)火事諸道(しょどう)勘文(かんもん)定め申す。貞清(さだきよ)朝臣(あそん)申さく。魯宣公(ろせんこう)廟新宮災。三日哭く。

[善滋]為政[慶滋為政(よししげ の ためまさ)]、義忠<藤原氏>申し云く、「漢の高園便殿の災。五日廃朝(はいちょう)。」

頼澄(よりずみ)申し云く。貞観(じょうがん)十年山陸(さんみょう)の火災の列(れい)。彼例任(による)五日天朝(ちょう)輟(や)む。

English

Twenty-sixth day, hinoe tora. Regarding the Usa no Miya fire, reports from various scholarly disciplines were presented and discussed. Sir Sadakiyo reported: during the time of Duke Xuan of Lu, when there was a disastrous [fire] at the New Ancestral Shrine, there were three days of mourning. Yoshishige [no Tamemasa] and [Fujiwara no] Yoshitada together reported: In the Han [dynasty], the royal palace was destroyed. For five days, there was a cessation of government. Yorizumi reported: In the tenth year of the Jōgan era, the royal mausoleum suffered a fire; in that instance, the government ceased for five days.

Notes

勘文:諸事を考え、調べて、上申する文書。平安時代以後、明法道、陰陽道など諸道の学者や神祇官、外記などが、朝廷や幕府の諮問にこたえて、先例、日時、方角、吉凶などを調べて上申したもの。Basically: a report.

Duke Xuan of Lu is notable for implementing the first land tax in Chinese history. (Wikipedia)

便殿: a room where royals or aristocrats would stay as a guest

廃朝: a period where the emperor does not rule over or appear in court (JK Encyclopedia Nipponica)

貞観:reign name, early Heian, under emperors Seiwa and Yōzei, approx. 859-877. There was a reign of the same name in China in the sixth century AD. (JK Digital Daijisen)


Original Text

廿七日丁卯。宣命。差二勘解由長官兼丹波守藤原資業於宇佐宮一。依二去年火事一也。

Kundoku

廿七日丁卯(ひのとう)。宣命。勘解由長宮(かげゆちょうかん)兼(かねて)丹波守(たんばのかみ)藤原資業(ふじわらのすけなり)、宇佐宮に差す。去年(さんぬるとし)の火事に依るなり。

English

Twenty-seventh day, hinoto u. [According to] a royal proclamation, Chief Investigator of Records of Outgoing Officials cum Tanba Provincial Governor Fujiwara no Sukenari was dispatched to Usa no Miya. It was because of the fire last year. 

Notes

勘解由かげゆ:令外(りょうげ)の官の一。平安時代、国司などの官吏が交代するとき、新任者が無事に事務を引き継いだことを証明する解由状(げゆじょう)の審査にあたった職。平安末期には有名無実と化した。かんげゆし。(JK Digital Daijisen)




Nihon kiryaku: Jian 1{1021} 11-12

Jian 1{1021} 11-12
治安元年十一月・十二月

Translators: Sophie Calderon and Zoe Zhang

Original Text

十一月,一日壬申。春日、平野祭。

Kundoku

十一月、一日壬申(みずのえさる)。春日(かすが)、平野祭(ひらのまつり)。

English

Eleventh Month, first day, mizunoe saru. Kasuga Shrine Rite and Hirano Shrine Rite.

Notes

春日祭 Kasuga Shrine Rite: Kasuga Shrine’s annual autumn rite has traditionally been held in the Tenth Month or the Eleventh Month. This rite was held to pray for good health and a bountiful harvest.

Original Text

二日癸酉,梅宮祭。

Kundoku

二日癸酉(みずのととり)、梅宮祭(うめのみやさい)。

English

Second Day, mizunoto tori. Umenomiya Shrine Rite.

Notes

梅宮祭 Umenomiya Shrine Rite: The Umenomiya Shrine Rite occurred in the Fourth and Eleventh months is said to have begun in the Jōwa era (834-848). Formerly, the Tachibana clan performed the duty of offering gifts to the shrine deity, but as the Tachibana’s fortunes declined the shrine became a court shrine as opposed to a tutelary shrine of the Tachibana. 



Original Text

十三日甲申,吉田祭。

Kundoku

十三日甲申(きのえさる)、吉田祭(よしだのまつり)。

English

Thirteenth Day, kinoe saru. Yoshida Shrine Rite.

Notes

吉田祭 Yoshida Shrine Rite: The Yoshida Shrine Rite is held at Yoshida Shrine (one of the three shrines dedicated to worshiping the ancestral deities of the Fujiwara clan together with the Kasuga Shrine and the Ōharano Shrine) in the Fourth and Eleventh months. 

Original Text

十八日己丑、園韓神祭。

Kundoku

十八日己丑(つちのとうし)、園韓神祭(そのからかみのまつり)。

English

Eighteenth day, tsuchinoe ushi. Sono and Kara Kami Rites.

Notes

園韓神祭 Sono and Kara Kami Rites: From the Heian period, the Sono and Kara Kami Rites were held after the Kasuga and before the Annual Thanksgiving Rite (Niinamesai) in the Second and Eleventh months (Abe 2023, 66). Kagura and archery were performed to entertain the Sono Kami and the Kara Kami.



Original Text

十九日庚寅,鎮魂祭。

Kundoku

十九日庚寅(かのえとら)、鎮魂祭(ちんこんさい)。

English

Nineteenth day, kanoe tora. Spirit-pacifying Rite.

Notes

鎮魂祭 Chinkonsai: This ritual is customarily held before the Monarch’s First Thanksgiving Rite (Daijōsai) and Annual Thanksgiving Rite (Niinamesai) in the Eleventh Month. Priests perform soul-soothing rituals to protect the body of the monarch and members of the royal family. There is music and rituals conducted around the monarch’s wardrobe. 


Original Text

廿日辛卯,新嘗祭。行幸中和院。

Kundoku

廿日辛卯(かのとう)、新嘗祭(にいなめさい)。中和院(ちゅうかいん)に行幸す。

English

Twentieth day, kanoto u. Annual Thanksgiving Rite. [His Majesty] visited the Chūkain.

Notes

新嘗祭 Niinamesai:  This ceremony took place in the court in the eleventh month in which Their Majesty offered that year’s grain to the deity and also partook in the eating of the grain. The Kinensai and the Niinamesai are both classical court ceremonies in which the tennō gives thanks for the year’s harvest. 



Original Text

廿一日壬辰,節會。依御物忌,無御出。

Kundoku

廿一日壬辰(みずのえたつ)、[豊明(とよのあかりの)]節會(せちえ)。御物忌(おんものいみ)に依って、御出(ぎょしゅつ )無し。

English

Twenty-first day, mizunoe tatsu. Flushed Faces Royal Banquet. [His Majesty] did not attend to avoid impurity [caused by a dog?]. 

Notes

物忌み mono imi: mono imi refers to abstinence to avoid impurity, including refraining from eating, drinking, and other actions for a certain period of time. 



Original Text

廿二日癸巳,東宮鎮魂祭。

Kundoku

廿ニ日癸巳(みずのとみ)、東宮(とうぐう)の鎮魂祭(ちんこんさい)。

English

Twenty-second day, mizunoto mi. Spirit-Pacifying Rite for the Crown Prince.



Original Text

廿三日甲午,任僧綱。

Kundoku

廿三日甲午(きのえうま)、僧綱に任す。

English

Twenty-third Day, kinoe uma. An appointment to the Office of Monastic Affairs.



Original Text

十二月,一日辛丑。

Kundoku

十二月,一日辛丑(かのとうし)。

English

Twelfth Month, first day, kanoto ushi



Original Text

二日壬寅。入道。太政大臣。<道長。>室家入道從一位源朝臣倫子,<法名清淨法。>供養无量壽院邊西北院。自今夜三箇夜,不斷念佛。

Kundoku

二日壬寅(みずのえとら)、入道太政大臣(だいじょうだいじん)〈道長〉の室家(しっか)入道從一位(じゅういちい)源朝臣倫子(みなもとあそんりんし)。法名(ほうみょう)清淨法(しょうじょうほう)。无量壽院(むりょうじゅいん)の邊り(あたり)西北院に供養(くよう)す。今夜より三箇夜、不斷念佛(ふだんねんぶつ)。

English

Second day, mizunoe tora. Lay monk and [former] Prime Minister <Michinaga>’s wife Junior First Rank Lady Minamoto no Rinshi  <Dharma name: Pure Dharma>  sponsored the offering service at the Muryōjuin, located at the Seihokuin for three nights from tonight, with uninterrupted chanting of Amida Buddha’s name.

Notes:

念仏・念佛 nennbutsu: chanting Amida Buddha’s name to be reborn in the Pure Land (practice from the Pure Land sect, which aims to escape from the defiled world). Famous monks from the Pure Land sect include 親鸞 Shinran.


Original Text

十日庚戌,御卜奏。

Kundoku

十日庚戌(かのえいぬ)、[御体]御卜(ごたいのみうら)を奏す。

English

Tenth day, kanoe inu. The [report of the] divination of the Tennō’s health was presented [to His Majesty].



Original Text

十一日辛亥,月次、神今食。

Kundoku

十一日辛亥(かのとい)、月次(つきなみ)「祭」、神今食(じんこんじき)。

English

Eleventh day, kanoto i. Semi-annual Ise Rite. Dining with the Kami. 



Original Text

十三日癸丑,定荷前使。

Kundoku

十三日癸丑(みずのとうし)、荷前(のさき)の使を定む。

English

Thirteenth day, mizunoto ushi. The envoy in charge of the presentation of tribute items for the royal mausolea was decided [by the Council of State].



Original Text

十四日甲寅,於清涼殿前庭,有臨時祭童舞。

Kundoku

十四日甲寅(きのえとら)、清涼殿(せいりょうでん)前庭に於いて、臨時祭(りんじさい)童舞(どうぶ)有り。

English

Fourteenth day, kinoe tora. Young performers danced during the Extraordinary Rite in the garden in front of [His Majesty’s] residence (Seiryōden). 



Original Text

今日,皇太子參上。

Kundoku

今日、皇太子(こうたいし)參上す。

English

Today, the Crown Prince visited [His Majesty].



Original Text

廿三日癸亥,宇佐八幡宮火災。

Kundoku

廿三日癸亥(みずのとい)、宇佐八幡宮(うさはちまんぐう)火災。

English

Twenty-third day, mizunoto i. The Usa Hachiman Shrine caught fire.

Notes

宇佐八幡宮 Usa Hachimangū: also known as the Usa Shrine, is in the city of Usa in Oita Prefecture and is dedicated to Hachiman 八幡, the deity of archery and war. 



Original Text

其日,御佛名間,中宮權亮-兼房、少納言-經隆,於出居座拏獲云云。

Kundoku

其日、御佛名(おぶつみょう)間、中宮權亮(ちんぐうごんのすけ)-兼房(かねふさ)、少納言(しょうなごん)-經隆(つねたか)、出居座(でいざ)に於いて拏獲(だかく)と云云。

English

On that day, people are saying that during the continuous chanting of the Amida Buddha’s name, the Queen Consort’s Household Supernumerary Second-level Manager <Kanefusa> [and] a Junior Counselor <Tsunetaka> were apprehended [following their brawl] in the area of additional seating.

Notes

中宮 chūgū: the principle consort of the tennō

中宮権亮 (~ごんのすけ) chūgū gonnosuke: An official post at the Queen Consort’s Household Agency with a rank below the fifth.